Annapurna Base Camp Trek

Annapurna Base Camp Treak is the best and most popular treks in the world that provides breath stopping mountain view. Direct Annapurna Base Camp trek is the short version of Annapurna Circuit Trek that is perfect for thosse who has no time to do whole at once. It is quite easy and shorter trek than other high altitude treks in Nepal thus, it is a moderate nature trek. This trek includes diverse terrain, culture, and wildlife. Jhinu (Natural hot spring), Ghandruk and Chhomrong Village and Annapurna Base Camp (ABC) are major attraction of the trek. Annapurna Base Camp trek is one of the most suprising trekking route with diverse landscape and variety of cultural richness, excellent mountain views, pleasant & Strange Gurung culture & village and various form of flora and fauna all around. Mt. Annapurna (8091 m) is the tenth highest peak in the world and journey to its base camp at an altitude 4130 m is one of the most popular walks on Earth.

Mt. Annapurna

Annapurna Base Camp Trek

Depending upon the route you take you can choose to include or exclude Ghorepani, Poon Hill and Gahandurk. The trail will be the same from Chomrung onwards. Including Ghorepani and Poonhill on the trek it lengthen 2 extra days otherwise completed in 7 days in shortest. Depending on your current location either Kathmandu or Pokhara the summary of the travel is shown below.
Day 01: Kathmandu/Pokhara to Nayapul then to Ghandruk on first day of your trek (excluding Ghorepani and Poonhill).
Day 02: Ghandruk to Choomrong, if possible to Sinuwa (depends on time you have and your physical health).
Day 03: Sinuwa to Bamboo, Dovan, Himalayan upto Deurali at the end of the day.
Day 04: Deurali to Machhapurchre Base Camp (MBC) and heading to Annapurna Base Camp and stay there (This can be manageable accordingly if not possible to stay there due to various limitation).
Day 05: While returning its easier you can reached Bamboo starting your journey from Annapurna Base Camp through MBC, Deurali, Himalayan and Dovan.
Day 06: You would reached to stay in Kyumi while returing taking other way other than Ghandruk while returning from Bamboo through Sinuwa, Choomrong and Jhinu.
Day 07: On the last day of the journey you would complete returning journey from Annapurna Base Camp. From Kyumi you have to move to Siwai then to Nayapul from where you take vehicle to reach either Pokhara or Kathmandu.

Visitor can plan accordingly as per there wish but best suggestion can be always fruitful. Unless you visited in packaged plan you have to trek accordingly in the schedule. It is a blissful moment to visit two base camp in one trip as Annpurna Base Camp trek passes through Machhapurchre Base Camp. During your visit you can come up with or in contact with the spectacular and close view of Annapurna , machhapurchre and Dhaulagiri, Hot Springs, Gurung Museum in Ghandruk, Exotic flora and fauna, Kali Gandaki the deepest Gorge, etc and many more.

Lumbini

Lumbini, a buddhist pilgrimage site located in Rupendehi district of Nepal, is a birth place of Lord Buddha back in 623 BC. Mayadevi Temple is an important sites in Lumbini with many historians and archaelogical importance as the place of birth of Lord Buddha. It is located 22 km west of Siddharthanagar (Bhairawa) and is the most spiritual & sacred place for Buddhist all around the world and listed on UNESCO World Heritage List. It consists of over 25 international Buddhist monasteries. This site was lost to history until it is discovered in 1896 of inscribed pillar left behind by the buddhist emperor Ashoka in 249 BC. A number of devotees as well as historically inclined tourist visit Nepal for the purpose of witnessing the bithplace of Lord Buddha. This place is blessed with various sites, instruments and shrines of various stages of Buddha's life. Due to Lumbini importance to the Hindu and Buddhist religious community as well as the history and culture of the entire world UNESCO enlisted the birthplace as world heritage site.

Mayadevi Temple, ashoka pillar and pond

Maya Devi temple is major attraction of Lumbini, Bodhi tree, a pond where Mayadevi took a ritual dip & Buddha took his first bath, Ashoka pillar, Myanmar Goldern Temple, World Peace Pagoda, Lumbini Musuem etc. and many more monastry built by different countries. The other site linked to the life of the Buddha includes Tilaurakot where Prince Siddhartha lived luxury before taking path to enlightenment also highlighted with increase number of visitors in Lumbini. You can walk around the garden or find a peaceful meditative spot to contemplate. Pandirarama Vipassana Center can be visited for some yoda and meditation and interact with the monk. The Lumbini Gardent covers an area of about 2.56 sq km which encompasses three zones each covering with walkways and a canal.

How to get in Lumbini?
Through flight from closest (22 km away from Lumbini) airport at Bhairahawa to and from Kathmandu help to reach to destination quickly.
Using road network, anyone can directly go to Bhairahawa by Buses using national major road network from major cities. From Bhairahawa visitor can go to Lumbini using local buses ldeparting every 15 minutes. Taxis are other best options from Butwal to Lumbini or from any where else. Giving sights around the Lumbini, bicycle and cycle rickshaws offer a good way around. 

Everest Base Camp Trek

Everst Base Camp represents two camp that lies in opposite side of Everest in Southen towards Nepal (5,364 m) and Northen towards Tibet, China (5,150 m). Trekkers reaching Everest from Tibet uses South Base Camp while trekkers reaching everest from Nepal use the North Base Camp. For now, in this post South Base Camp will be discussed as Everest Base Camp. It is the most famous trekking route and most beautiful as well with the beauty of the Himalayas. For trekkers this trek makes the trek of a lifetime with experience majestic features of amazing mountains & valleys. The Sherpa Culture is a well-known culture of Khumbu region. Venturing a journey once Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa had done for the first time in 1953 is matter of immense pride and glory.

Everst Base Camp Trek

For foreigner people outside Nepal willing to do Everst Base Camp Trek first landed on Kathmandu or for those inside Nepal travel to Kathmandu. There in Kathmadu there are many sites to visit after having trip around kathmandu, a short flight to Lukla can be experienced which the most adventurous and thrilling flight in the world. Arrival on Lukla offers fresh air of Himalayas and scenic beauty of green hills and distant views of mountains. From there visitors have an oppourtunity to trek through many Sherpa Villages and settlements they may be Namche Bazaar, Tengboche and Dingboche, and many more. Doing trekking to Everest Base Camp visitor travel through Sagarmatha National Park, a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site. Kalapathhar in a trek route which provide panoramic view of entire Mount Everest. Tengboche Monastery, Khumbu Glacier and Icefall are notable area in the trek route to Everest Base Camp.

Difficulties in the Everest Base Camp

Despite the Himalayan terrain of Khubu, people from any geographical region can complete the Everest Base Camp Trek and thus a moderate trip grading and no need to have previous experience as well. Khubu's landscape consists of hills and flat that makes trek route up-hill and down-hill in relatively flat-land. The only problem that visitor came across may be difficulty due to high altitude. Kala Pathar is the highest point at 5,554 m. The best solutin to high altitude trekking is to go slow. Visitor should stay taking some altitude to adopt to that altitude. The trek would take 8 days to reach Everest Base Camp in slow go. Staying positive and taking Plenty of Snaks help to avoid altitude sickness.

Route to Tilicho lake

Tilicho Lake, a glacier lake in the highest altitude on the Earth located in the Manang district of Nepal in an altitude of 4,919 m above mean sea level. It cover an area of 4.8 sq km and extended upto 4 km in lengtha and 1.2 km in width and 85 m depth. It is within Annapurna Conservation Area and close by world famous Annapurna Circuit trekking route. It is one the best option for the tourist visiting this circuit. It is only 55 km far from Pokhara. The shortest distance to get to Tilicho Lake is to reached Besi Shahar the headquater of Lamjung district from national highway from any part of Country in Nepal. Then, Chame the headquater of Manang district to get close to Tilicho Lake.

Tilicho Lake

Tilicho Lake Trekking is a challenging trekking route on itself as it's heading towards the highest lake in the world and definitely one of the finest trekking route in the Annapurna region. It has different passes and is differ from normal to hard. This trekking route is both very exciting and challenging at a same time thus refers as "Annapurna Hard way Trekking". One can experience the scenic beauty of Annapurna region and Tilicho Lake including other popular mountain scenery along route. Visitor pass through Mesokanta Pass through Tilicho Lake.

Tilicho Lake recharge it's water through the source of glacial melt from Northen slope of Annapurna and Thorang Peak. In this lake, Hindu pilgrims around the world regarded as holy spot as mentioned in a holy book of the Hindus the Ramayan.

Route to Tilicho Lake

This Tilicho Lake Trekking begins in Besisahar in the route of Annapurna Circuit Trekking that continues along the Marshyangdi River from where Manaslu and Himal Chuli can be observable in the East. The route to Tilicho Lake leads towards village inhabited by wide variety of people from different ethnic group along with the view of glorious views of white Himalayas. From Manang one would have to choose one of the route to Tilicho, either taking same route as of Annapurna Circuit towards Tanki Manang and Yak Kharka or, route towards the main valley to the west passes through the Khanshar village and trek upto Tilicho lake. To get back from there visitor can travel to Yak Kharka upto Thorung La (5416 m) pass lead towards Muktinath downhill then to Jomsom from where you can take 35 minute flight to Pokhara or take vehicle or trek down following Annapurna Circuit towards Nayapool or other more alternatives to other tourism destination.

Amnesty International Nepal

In 1969, Lawyer Nutan Tapaliya established Amnesty International Branch in Nepal. This was recognized by Amnesty International central committee after few years as "Nepal Section" and the first president of Amnesty International Nepal was Rishikesh Shah. The recognition by Amnesty International was cancelled during 1982. However, some people take membership directly from Amnesty International directly and begin to involve in group formation and involve in world wide campaign organized by the organization. 

After the reestablishment of democracy in 1990 in coordination of Amnesty International Secretariat Coordinating Structure was established, coordinated by Chitra Niraula. Later during 1993 Amnesty International "Nepal Section" was revalid during the period Krishna Pahadi was president. Since, then Amnesty International Nepal involves in its work freely and actively. Now, the member of Amnesty International Nepal has reached above 7000 in around 41 district with 71 groups and 61 youth networks that linked up with Amnesty International Nepal and worked in the field of Human right. It has triained Female, people representative, youth, teachers, police about the Human Right Training Program are main outcomes of this organization.

Membership of Amnesty International Nepal 

Amnesty International Nepal Provides general member to those people who respects Human 

Right and theme of Amnesty International. If anyone wish to be member of Amnesty International Nepal, they have to fill up membership form and pay some amount. For renew the membership they need to again follow the same procedure filling up the membership form and paying amount and senting it to Amnesty International Nepal Address.

Types of Members

a. Individual Member

Following organizational regulations and objectives, interested to contribute in the campaign of organization without interested to involve in decision making process belong to age group above 16 years old are provided with Individual Membership without discriminating based on their believe, religion, gender, origin, language, etc.

b. Group General Member

Based on the decision of executive members of group that involve in Amnesty International Nepal or group that is involving in Amnesty International Nepal, those who involve in organization and receive membership would be called as Group general members. The qualification for the group general member is similar to that of individual member. This type of member have decisive role during decision making process and voting right within the group and in Amnesty Internation Nepal as a respective group.

c. Youth Network Member

Those who follow regulation and objectives of the organization and not willing to have voting right in general assembly of Amnesty Internation Nepal Section belong to age group 14 years to 25 years can obtain membership in youth network.

Apply Online Application Form for Driving License in Nepal

"Nepal is lagging far behind in technological research" is said by Internet Pioneer of Nepal, Mahabir Pun. This reflects Nepal don't have long history of Informational technology, and has been a late starter in technology development. Latest Technology trends in Nepal shows several invention and technology that make the life of Nepalese more easier, productive and close to modern technology.
The most accelerating technological advancement is observable in information technology. Many system are converting towards the online system. Government has initiate to provide public services through online to make the work faster, efficient and smarter. Online driving license registration is one of the initiation made to turn public service online. Alonge with that distributing smart license card (machine readable card) in place old fashioned hand written alologue license.

Sample of Smart Driving License

Online Driving License Application Form in Nepal

With the beginning of 2017, the department of transport management begin to take online driving license registration. So, now, you can fill up application form for driving license from home or your work place. First you need to go to the link below:

http://onlineedlreg.dotm.gov.np/homepage_

When you go to this link, you can click on ONLINE DRIVING LICENSE REGISTRATION on given Page. There you need to select the country where you belong to get Nepal driving license. For Nepali its obviously 'Nepal' and on second option you need to select one of the option among in drop down arrow. Either New License, or Add Category, or License Renew, or Duplicate License. Those who don't have license before selet new license, and those who have license before and add license to another category you can select 'Add Category', those who need to renew license need to select 'License Renew' while those who lost and need another nee to choose 'Duplicate License'.

For detail steps how to fill up the form and altogether how to register online driving license you can see on: Online Driving License Registration Form in Nepal.

Smart Driving License in Nepal

For making the work efficient and to bring the system in online or more smart, the license are distributed connected with the technology. Machine readable card is prepared to read the information related to the identity of the driver. This technology is helpful to manage records related to driving and to manage traffice with the detail information about drivers. Smart License is machine readable that give information about recorded activities previously done my driver in his/her profile.

Iterate through Instances Java

Do you need to to keep track of all the instances of your class? Do you need to iterate through all the instances of your class. Once I need to. Here we will save all the instances in a static array.
This method is considered as Bad Design. If you can find any other solution solve it that way.

Iterate through Instances

Here is a simple Token class. We keep track of all the instances while creating and letter look through all the created instances to check a simple condition and reset that token if it does.

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//A simple Token class public class Token { static List allCreatedTokens = new ArrayList(); public Color color; public int location; public int id; public static Token createToken(Color color, int location, int id){ Token aToken = new Token(color, id, location); allCreatedTokens.add(aToken); return aToken; } private Token(Color color, int id, int location) { this.color = color; this.id = id; } public void goHome(){ for(Token token : allCreatedTokens){ if(token.id != id){ if(token.location == location token.reset(); } } } public void reset(){ } void kill() { allCreatedTokens.remove(this); } }

Here we create a static method called createToken(). Here we pass all the required parameters for object creation. Then in this method we create a object of the Token class and add it in the static Array allCreatedTokens. Now we have all the created tokens stored in this Array. We can access all the instances as needed.
In the goHome() method. We compare current token with all the other tokens that were created. And reset the token to its original state.
Storing all the instances would cause memory leakage since those objects will never be disposed of, since the list will still be referencing them. We need to call the kill() method in that instance you no longer need to remove it from the list and thus Garbage Collector can remove it.
Other option could be to create a separate manager class.

Conclusion

With tracking all the instances in a static array list, and as it is stored in Array we can iterate through it. Thank you!

Make Custom Display Resolution Ubuntu

The display resolution is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. It is usually mentioned as width × height. Screen resolution is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels on a display screen. for example, "1024 × 768" means 1024 horizontal pixels and 768 vertical pixels.

Some most common Screen resolution

1360 × 768 and 1366 × 768 is considered as HD Normal or HD Ready.
1600 × 900 is HD+
1920 × 1080 is Full HD.
3840 × 2160 is 4K.
The aspect ratio is the proportional relationship between the width and height. It is the ratio between width and the height for the screen. The most common aspect ratios are 4:3, 16:10, 16:9 (Mostly Used).

How to make Custom Resolution on Ubuntu

We need to add new mode of screen resolution on our computer for that we will use xrandr utility at Ubuntu. To add new mode we need to specify the model using the ModeLine syntax for xorg.conf.
We can create the model structure for our required resolution using the gtf tool. We need to provide the desired horizontal and vertical resolutions and refresh rate (in Hz). Then it will printout for a matching VESA GTF mode.
For the resolution of 1600 x 900 and refresh rate 60 run gtf 1600 900 60

$	gtf 1600 900 60 119.00 1600 1696 1864 2128 900 901 904 932 -HSync +Vsync

Now we get the output which is the required Model syntax for the tool xrandr. Now run xrandr --newmode "1600x900_60" 119.00 1600 1696 1864 2128 900 901 904 932 -HSync +Vsync and to add this mode xrandr --addmode HDMI-1 1600x900_60 Here 1600x900_60 is the name of the mode.

$ $	xrandr --newmode "1600x900_60" 119.00 1600 1696 1864 2128 900 901 904 932 -HSync +Vsync xrandr --addmode HDMI-1 1600x900_60

Important Remember that the HDMI-1 is for my PC. It may be different for your pc as HDMI1, or you are using VGA port. You can find the currently available Resolution usong xrandr command. You will find your connected monitor there. So if you find some error "xrandr: cannot find output "HDMI-1"" You need to check how your monitor is stated on xrandr.
Again to make things clear. for 1500x844 @ 60 Hz.

$ $ $

gtf 1500 844 60 # 1504x844 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 52.44 kHz; pclk: 104.04 MHz Modeline "1504x844_60.00" 104.04 1504 1584 1744 1984 844 845 848 874 -HSync +Vsync xrandr --newmode "1500x844_60" 104.04 1504 1584 1744 1984 844 845 848 874 -HSync +Vsync xrandr --addmode HDMI-1 1500x844_60

Conclusion

Here we learn how to add out own custom resolution in the display. We can use gtf to create the model required. And provide the model to add new create new model using xrandr and add the newly created model in the dropdown menu.

How to write Academic Research Proposal

In this post I will be explaining how to write academic research proposal in simple words. In most of the acadimic institution student have to perform research in his final year or semester to complete his /her degree in the particular academic field. For doing some research student may not have sufficient balance to carry out research. Student should submit a nice proposal for conducting research in his/her topic from someone else support. However, the proposal to be submitted to different organization varies depends on the format of proposal the organization willing to accept. Here, I will be discussing most general and mostly acceptable proposal. This is very general and for those who don't have idea how to write Academic Research Proposal before.

Academic Research Proposal is your first step in producing a thesis of your research or your project.Before you start writing an Academic Research Proposal you have to

• Declare your topic on which you like do research on. 
• Do literature review from the latest journal and topic related to that topic.  

After doing this you are now ready to prepare your academic research. Here in this article I particularly focused on research proposal submitted in your academic institution. There are various kind of proposal type. The format may vary depending on your institution. The proposal should address the project. Proposal intent to convienced academic committee to get approval to proceed to actual research. Here, the general proposal format mention below in step wise.

Steps of Research Proposal

General Steps in Research Proposal

1. Title : It should be short and Catchy. 
2. Abstract : It should be about 300 words (may vary). It should include background, research problem, overall objective, Methodology, Independent variables, Data, data collection, Data analysis, Impact, Expected Output, etc. in summary. The abstract alone should able to give a clear idea about the research.
3. Introduction : About 1 & 1/2 page used for introducing main subject area and setting the research problem. A typical way of starting :
1. Introduce and document the existence of the overall subject area, then
2. The particular niche, and 
3. Possibley the geographical focus area.
4. Apply funnel - like approach: going from the overall to the specific. The research problem can be introduced in the background section following the description of the niche, where the knowledge gap is emphasized. Most of statement are normally supported by reference - existing studies (evidence).
4. Problem (analysis and) statement (1 and 1/2 page) : Justification (knowledge gap) should also be included in problem statement. A scientific problem must be of relevance to others than researcher and scientific community.
5. Objectives (1/2 page) : On the basis of problem analysis/literature review objectives are identified. It should be clear whether the objectives is relevant and justified. The overall objective should be something that the study will contribute towards but not solve/finish. It should not be the compilation of the specific objectives.
6. Literature Review ( 3 page ) : It should introduced knowledge gap and variables that are relevant to your research. It try to keep the track of the literature searched along the way you can use for your research. Literature review could also add to the justification of choice of subject mentioned in background section. Recent literature that critically synthesises knowledege within subject need to be considers in literature review. Relevant literature should be identify through systematic literature search. The literature must be critically read, approach and conclusion must be evaluated. Literature are presented in an argument logically leading to the objectives.
7. Limitations (brief) : Although the specific objective may be quite narrow and may required more data collection and analysis than possible for a thesis. Thus, to demonstrate a good overview of general subject area it should be specified what aspect will not be addressed and how this will limit the conclusions. 
8. Research Methods ( 3 page) : It should include: Study Area, Sampling design, variables, data collection method and data analysis.
9. Expected Outcome (brief) : Specified which parameter would be analysed and specify what kind of output is expected from your research. Specifying the expected output ihelp to test the coheraence of the research design. How conclusion are made baded on the data collected with reagard to the research objectives.
10. References : Reference list is provided so that the reader should able to find the reference used. Full reference should be written in reference list. Scientific referencing system should be used and that should be consistent. All the reference in the text should be in the list of reference and vice versa.

Appendix A : Time schedule (Implementation plan): Clearly shows what would be done when. The implementation should be realistic in given time and money available.

Appendix B : Research Matrix : A visual representation of the research matrix help to ensure coherence and smooth movement toward achieving the research objectives. Formats may vary with the specifics of the research project.

Appendix C : List of Data Collection Instrumants : For a good research proposal translated into good results when prepared throughly data collection. For measurements and observations this means preparation of data entry form, while for surveys and interviews questionaires and interview guidea are necessary. This includes a list of required data collection instruments only, not the instruments themselves in detail.

Appendix D : Budget (if relevant): It may be relevant to include a budget with the heading such as for example: transport, permits, local assistants, accommodation, stationary, meeting expenses (covering what you might serve participants in group meeting etc.). that would figure out estimated cost to carry out the research. This would help to fund to the researcher by an institution to carry out the research.

Places to Visit in Nepal

Nepal is blessed with Natural Beauty. Where ever you go around Nepal, you would enjoy the destination. Nepal has plenty of Naturally attractive tourism destination. Tourism destination are slowly being connected by infrastructure and luxurious tourism products and services. These products and services are reaching in various remote part of country despite of it topographical and geographical landscape. Increase number of natural based tourists would definitely help to conserve them and promote tourism-based business, services and tourism demanding products.
Here, I am explaining about some famous tourism destination in Nepal. This would not mean that only these are some of the best tourism destination. You may plan any place or places shown below for your next holiday. The major tourism destinations are:

1. Everest Base Camp

Everest, the world tallest mountain (8,848 m). Many tourists who loves natural site might like to do some adventure trip at least upto Everest Base Camp (5,150 m) if they can't make to summit. They do so because to see and experience the Mt. Everest in front of their eyes. The trekking in high Himalayas to Everest Base Camp is the most thrilling, exciting and challenging. Everest Base Camp is a beautiful heaven in itself. It is the gateway to highest summit for all the climbers that attempt to climb to the peak. This trekking destination is famous since 1953, first time when human reached the summit, as mountaineering. Many climbers and tourist reaching at Everest Base Camp have collected enthralling life time experience. This tourism destination has been a glory, pride and tragedy as well since a long history. Many tourists have collected superb experience in the life time while some other lose their life during climbing to summit. The best view can be observed from Kala Patthar (5555 m) view point. From the view point the unbelievable magnificent view of Mt. Everest and another nearby mountain. It would be a life time experience to travel Everest Base Camp.

2. Lumbini

The birth place of Lord Buddha is todays Lumbini. Lord Buddha, as a Siddhartha Gautam take birth in 623 B.C. in famous garden which develop as a famous pilgrimage. In Lumbini, the great Indian Emperor erected one of his commemorative pillars. It is now developing as a Buddhist pilgrimage center. There still remain valuable archaeological associated with the birth of Lord Buddha. It has been a central feature for the Buddhist followers from all around the world.

3. Annapurna Base Camp 

Annapurna Base Camp (ABC) is number one tourism destination based on number of tourists visited. ABC lies at an elevation 4130 m above the mean sea level. ABC provides one of the best legendary and classical trekking in the world. ABC trekking route is surrounded by typical Nepali village and it offers the chances to observe and explore natural and cultural beauty. Spectacular and tranquil landscapes, charming Gurung and Magar villages, alpine forests, rhododendron are throughout along up to final destination.

4. Rara Lake

Rara Lake the largest lake (10.8 square kilometer) of Nepal lies in Mugu district of Karnali Province. It is at an elevation of 2,990 m from the mean sea level. Rara National Park was established in 1976 to preserve its naturality. The crystal-clear water of Lake, green hills around it, reflection of mountain range on clean water are major aspects of its beauty. Rara National Park provides a protective function to unique flora and fauna around the lake. Rara Lake is so attractive because it's reflects no sign of human influence and persevering its naturality in untouched state. Rara National Park plays an important role in preserving naturality of Lake.

5. Chitwan National Park

Chitwan NP, the first National Park of Nepal established in 1973 and listed under world heritage site in 1984 formally called Royal Chitwan NP later renamed with dismiss of royal family. The objective of CNP is to conserve natural rich area covering subtropical region of Terai. The CNP provides shelter to 68 species of mammals, 544 species of bird and 56 reptiles and amphibians species and 126 of fish species. CNP experience about 4 decades in park management and resolving conflicts between park and people. Buffer zone is made around Chitwan National Park for addressing people needs around CNP. Beeshazari Lake lies in Buffer Zone of CNP is attractive tourism destination. However, Chitwan National mark is renowned world wide for One Horned Rhinoceros, Bengal Tiger, Gharial Crocodile, etc. protection.

6. Gosainkunda Lake

At an elevation of 4360 m above mean sea level lies Gosainkunda Lake in Rasuwa district of Bagmati zone. It is most sought pilgrimage site mostly by hundreds of Hindu pilgrims every year during Janai Purnima in August to take a holy bath in the lake. It is surrounded by mountains almost from all side and consist nine other lakes accompany the Gosainkunda. The rock lying in center of lake is regarded as remains of Shiva Shrine.

7. Panch Pokhari

Panch Pokhari, means a group of 5 lakes lies in Sindupalchowk District in the arms of pristine Himalayan Range. It is among the highest altitude wetland in the world. It is popular pilgrimage destination for Hindus and Buddhist. Pilgrimages visit these sacred lakes during Janai Purnima. It is decorated with surplus natural beauty, biological diversity and form a center of spirituality.

8. Tilicho Lake

Tilicho Lake, lies in an elevation of 4,919 m above mean sea level in Manang district in Gandaki Province. Tilicho Lake is the lake in world highest altitude. Tilicho lake surrounded by Annapurna range of Himalayas. Those who do Annapurna Circuit route crosses this lake. However, due to unavailability of accommodation sites nearby visitors spent some hours and move.

Smart City

What exactly is smart city in your opinion? There are lots of opinion of people on there on. In general all those opinion should cover some of the fundamental aspect to define some city as a smart city. Some of the basic requisities that all of smart city defination should include are:

• Easy access to information.
• Quick and reliable connectivity.
• Smooth public service.
• Energy efficient transportation.
• Ecologically balance Environment.
• Physically and Mentally sound health of public.
• Security of every individual is ensured.
• Control crime and robery.

Smart City Aspects

Why Needs of Smart City

The human civilization is dynamic and it keep on changing. Human have made to much progress in field of development and exploitaion of the nature. Now, here come up a situation if this devastating activities of human is not controlled Nature would no more without the ecological balance thus, results in various catastropical events happen arround the world. We already begin to see many changes and that intensities would rise enourmously if not concern in time. It is the time we need to make change in our living habit behaviour to maintain a co-exitence with the environment. The reason why we need a Smart City can be explain with following points.

• Developing cities are polluted the land.
• Pollution is increasing every year.
• Noises and sound pollution in crowded area increasing.
• Deteriotion in human health.
• Working effeciency of people declining.
• No sufficient grenary.
• Traffic of cities are growing.
• Ecological function has been neglected.
• Urban heat island is created.

How to Create Smart City

Smart city provides the spaces for both people and environment. People activities are carried without disturbing the function of ecosystem. The nature can function as it is as naturally with least human influenced. To create Smart City a detail plan should be made during urban planning. Open spaces in every interval is arranged for various floral and fauna diversity. Building up one or another individually would result as a smart city. For creating a Smart City different infrastructure should be built with consulting various aspect of people and environment. Smart City should creates best environment to stay for different class group of people and different age group. 

• Plantation in road side or in lane divider.
• Parks and botanical garden in every localities.
• Security cameras in different corners of roads helps observe accident if any.
• Helps to transfer emergency tools and goods.
• Easy access to essential service vehicle.
• Services of connectivity.
• Pollution control mechanism.
• Control criminal activities with security cameras. 
• Availability of parking is pre-informed.
• Traffic are made autonomous and energy efficient.

Many cities in different parts of world are developing using the techniques that sustain the energy consumed and produced inside the city. The ecological balace remain undisturbed by human influence

Most Visited Sites in Nepal

With the increase number of internet users this questions is raised among people which site is used by most of the people. The most visited site statistics shows behaviorial and intellectural level of people and many more information related to prefereance of most of people. To make advertisement related to the online business you need to know which site reached many people as much as it can. The list of most vistied sites are occupied by most of the entertenment provider or social media and search engine. Here, the details about the most visited sites in Nepal are listed in different category.

You can also see: Top Internet Service Providers in Nepal.

Some most visted sites

Top Most Visited Sites in Nepal

These list include most of the news sites based on last 3 month analysis by alex based on daily no. of visiter, unique visiter and time spent by then on the site.Top 30 sites observed based on 22nd Dec. 2018 analysis in Nepal are listed below.

1. Youtube.com
2. Google.com
3. Onlinekhabar.com
4. Google.com.np
5. Kantipurdaily.com
6. Facebook.com
7. Ratopati.com
8. News24nepal.tv
9. Hamrobazaar.com
10. Bigulnews.tv
11. Yahoo.com
12. Annapurnapost.com
13. Wikipedia.org
14. Merojob.com
15. Hamrokhelkud.com
16. Esewa.com.np
17. Lokaantar.com
18. Nepalipaisa.com
19. Dcnepa.com
20. Purbelinews.com
21. Thahakhabar.com
22. Arthasarokar.com
23. Ask.com
24. Nepalikhabar.com
25. Blogspet.com
26. Dotm.gov.np
27. Twitter.com
28. Edusanjal.com
29. Setopati.com
30. Nayapatrikadaily.com

The list may varies based on how frequently they update their content and engage users in their website.The list is temporary and it just give some idea in comparision. Few month earlier the list was another and now it's different however the most frequently reaching top list shows they are more or less popular in Nepal. Extracting from above list like Onlinekabar.com, Kantipurdaily.com, Ratopati.com, new24nepal.tv, Hamrobazaar.com, Bigulnews.tv , Annapurnapost.com, etc. are among the top ranking nepali sites and they are representing news portal. There position would remain change that depends on the engagement of people in reading, quality and qunantity of news they provide. These sites are visited from link of social medias and lots of time spend during reading news brings them in top of the list however that won't last if new updates are not availble from this portal and not shared in social media.

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